Scratch

A

A+. 2001 Similar to APL.
A#. Object oriented, functional programming language, now replaced by Aldor.
Abap. Advanced Business Application Programming. Cobol-like programming language for Sap web application servers.
Abc.
Action! Compiler design programming language, as Micro-SPL.
ActionScript. 2004. Version of ECMAScript for Flash.
Actor. 1986. Programming language and also a concept for language design (actor oriented).
Ada. 1983.
Afnix. 1998 Formerly Aleph. Functional language.
Agena. 2009. Inspired from Algol and C.
Aldor.
Aleph. See Afnix.
Algae. Interpreted language for numerical analysis.
Algo. Algebraic programming language.
Algol. 1958. Followed by Algol 60, Algol W (Wirth) and Algol 68. Has inspired Pascal.
Alma-0. Imperative and logical programming language.
Alphard. 1974 Name of the brightest star in Hydra. Pascal-like.
Altran. 1968. Fortran variant.
AmigaE. Language inspired by Ada, C++, Lisp.
Ampl. Modeling Language for Mathematical Programming.
Anubis. 2000. Functional, not ML, language.
ApeScript.
Apl. 1962. A Programming Language Compiler FAQ.
AppleScript. 1993. English-like scripting language.
APT. Automatically Programmed Tool. High-level language for numerically controlled machines.
Arduino. A version of the wiring language for the open source USB controller Arduino.
Argos. Synchronous language.
ARS. Abstraction, Reference and Synthesis. An orientation. Inspired programming languages. An ARS++ compiler exists.
AspectJ. Java implementation of Aspect oriented programming. Development
Assembly.
ATLAS. Several minor languages with this name.
Autocode. 1952. Several versions of this primitive historical language.
AutoIt. Automation language. Originally for scripting Windows applications, now more general.
Averest. Synchronous language, replaced by Quartz.
Awk. 1978. See also gawk, nawk, mawk.
Axiom. Computer Algrebra System, actually a set of tools that uses the A# language.
B

B. 1969.
Bash. Bourne-Again shell. Actually an interpreter for Bourne shell.
Basic. 1964.
BAL. Assembly language for the IBM 360.
Bcpl. 1966. Basic Combined Programming Language. Compiler. Inspired B which in turn inspired C.
BeanShell.
Beta.
Bigwig.
Bistro. 1999. Smaltalk and Java like.
Bliss.
Blocky. 2012 by Google. Graphical language, block are moved to build an application.
Boo. 2004.
Bourne shell. (sh) 1978. Language of commands for Unix.
Bpel. Business Process Execution Language
C

C. 1972.
C--. Portable intermediate language. Subset of C.
C++. 1980. The standard is C++ 98 and C++ 09 should succeed in 2009.
C#. 2000.
C Shell.
Caché ObjectScript. Procedural language with database functions. Compatible with Mumps.
Caml. Categorical Abstract Machine Language.
Cayenne. Functionnal, near Haskell with Java features.
Cecil. 1992 Near Modula and Objective C. (Search on the site).
CeeBot.
Ceylon. 2012. Created by Red Hat to write collectively large programs and use structured data. Like JavaScript with classes and interfaces but runs on a Java Virtual Machine. Note: Ceylan = tea, Java = coffee.
CFScript. JavaScript part of ColdFusion. See also CFML.
Cg.
Charity. Functional and categorical programming language.
CHILL. Language for telecommunications. Chill 96 is object oriented and generic.
CHR. Constraint Handling Rules.
Chrome.
ChucK. Multimedia concurrent language for audio synthesis and other musical tasks.
Cilk. Multi-threaded and concurrent based on C.
Clarion.
Clay. 2011. For generic programming.
Clean. Concurrent Clean.
Clipper. 1984.
CLIPS. C Language Integrated Production System. See Cool.
Clojure. 2007. Lisp-like for the java virtual machine.
CLOS. See Common Lisp.
Clu. Has inspired Ruby.
Cobol. 1959. COmmon Business Oriented Language. Inspired by Flow-matic, Fortran. ANSI standards are Cobol 58, 74, 85 and 2002 object oriented.
CobolScript.
Code. Visual parallel programming system.
CoffeeScript. It compiles into JavaScript and offers a more readable syntax (just as Scriptol with PHP). Review.
ColdFusion. 2001. Java compatible combination of CFScript and CFML, used for dynamic web processing.
Comal. 1973.
CIL. Common Intermediate Language.
Common Lisp.
Component Pascal.- See Oberon.
Comit.- List or string processing language
Cool.
Coral66.
Corn.
Cowsel. See POP1.
CPL. Predecessor of BCPL.
Crack. 2009. By Google. Scripting language intended to provide the speed of compiled program. The syntax comes from C++ with features of Java and Python. Unlike Go whose goal is mainly compile time, it uses LLVM.
Csh. See C Shell.
Curl.
Curry.
Cyclone. 2006. Dialect of C.
D

D. 2000. A simpler version of C++, includes a garbage collector.
Databus. See PL/B.
Dark Basic. Language for game creation.
Dart. 2011. A browser language designed by Google to replace JavaScript, adds classes and interfaces.
Datalog. Actually a deductive tool using Prolog.
DCL. Digital Command Language. Scripting PL used on Digital computers.
Deca. 2011. High-level Language for system programming. Uses LLVM.
Delphi. 1995. Created by Borland, now at Embarcadero.
Dibol.
Disco. 1992.
Dylan. 1992. DYNamic LANguage. Unlike Perl, only one way to do a thing. Fully object oriented, Lisp-like, it was created by Apple for the Newton device.
E

E. See also AmigaE.
Ease. See Csp and Linda.
EcmaScript. 1997.
Edinburgh IMP. See IMP.
Eiffel. 1986.
Elan. 1974
elastiC.
Emacs Lisp.
EGL. 2008. Enterprise Generation Language by IBM. Based on Cross System Product created in 1981. Very high level language compiled into other languages such as COBOL, Java, etc.
Epigram. A concurrent P. L.
Erlang. 1998. ERicsson LANguage and also Agner Krarup Erlang. Functional, concurrent PL and runtime.
Escapade. Server-side programming
Esterel.
Euclid.
Euphoria. 1993. Typed scripting interpreted language.
Euler. Successor to Algol 60. Dynamically typed.
Exec. See Rexx.
F

F.
F#.
Fabric. 2010, Cornell. Based on Java and Jif, it provides security on data used and stored.
Factor. 2003.
Fantom. 2005. C-like running on JVM and .NET.
Felix.
Ferite.
FL.
Flow-Matic. 1954.
Focal.
Focus.
Foil.
Forth. 1977. FOuRTH. Stack oriented. Used to command machines including boot of computers.
Fortran. 1957. FORmula TRANSlator. Standard Fortran II (58), IV (61), 66, 77 (Procedural), 90, 95, 2003 (Object oriented). Language for scientific computations. Other dialects are S-Fortran, SFtran, QuickTran, LTRTran, HPF, Co-Array Fortran.
Fortress. Designed by Sun for high performance computing.
FP.
Frink.
G

G. Dataflow language for the LabView system, for graphical and parallel (and functional) programming. One programs visually by connecting objects.
Gams. General Algebraic Modeling System.
Gml. Game Maker Language.
Go. 2009. Created by Google, is C and Pascal-like. It is concurrent with a garbage collector.
Godiva.
Goedel.
Gosu. 2010. Java-like running on the JVM, provides extended types.
GPSS.
Groovy. Scripting language for Java.
H

Halide. 2012. By the MIT, image processing language with a compact syntax.
Hal/S. Real-time aerospace programming language
HaScript.
Haskell. 1990. Functional language. Haskell 98 follows. In 2002 version a lazy functional language. Compiler.
Heron.
HLA. High Level Assembly
Hugo.
HyperTalk. Hypernext and Supercard are Hypercard-like tools.
H2o.
I

IAL. 1958.
ICI.
Icon. 1977-79.
IDL. 1977. Interface Definition Language. A family of descriptives languages. Compiler.
IMP.
Inform.
IPL. 1956. Information Processing Language. First in list processing but replaced by Lisp.
Intercal. 1972.
IO.
Iswim. 1966.
J

J. 1990. Is a rework of APL.
Jade.
Jal.
Janus. Predecessor of Toontalk.
Java. 1994.
JavaFX Script. 2008.
JavaScript. 1996.
JCL.
Jif. 2001. Cornell. Java with control on information access.
Join Java. Augmented version of Java.
Joss. 1963. Predecessor of Mumps.
Joule.
Jovial. Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language.
Joy.
JSP. See Java.
JScript. See EcmaScript.
Julia. 2010. For technical programming, uses LLVM, fast on mathematical operations. A program can modify its own code. Linux only.
Jython. See Python.
K

K.
Kid. See P-Tac.
Kiev.
Kogut.
L

LabView.
Lagoona.
Lava.
Leda.
Lexico.
Lfyre.
Limbo. Concurrent language, for distributed applications on the Inferno OS. Successor to Alef.
Linc.
LinearML. Functional language for parallel programming.
Lingo. Several languages: Macromedia Lingo, Lingo Allegro, Linn Lingo, Lindo Lingo.
Lisaac. OO language based on prototypes.
Lisp. 1958. LISt Processing.
Logo. 1966-68. Lisp without parenthesis. Learn programming by moving a graphical turtle. Compiler. (.Net)
Lua. 1993. (Moon in portuguese). Scripting C-like language used mainly as extension to C.
Lucid.
Lush.
Lustre.
LYaPAS.
M

M from Microsoft. Modeling language.
M. See Mumps.
M4.
MAD. See IAL, Algol.
Magma.
Maple.
Mary.
Mathematica. 1988. Programming language that uses algebraic notation for expressions.
Matlab.
Mercury. 1995. Functional logic programming language. Ported to C, Java, IL (.Net).
Mesa.
Metal.
Metro. 2008. Design language from Microsoft for Windows Phone, Media Center and mobile devices. (Link on a ppc file readable with LibreOffice).
MicroScript.
Mimic.
Miranda. 1989. Functional language, has inspired Haskell.
Miva.
Mixal. "Mix Assembly Language" for the Mix computer of Donald Knuth.
ML.
Moby.
Modula-2. 1980.
Modula-3. 1989.
Mondrian. Haskell-like.
Mortran. See Fortran.
Moto.
MSIL. See CIL.
Mumps. 1967. Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. Database oriented language.
N

Napier 88. Persistent language. (Search on the site).
Nemerle.
Nesl.
NetRexx. 1996.
Newspeak. 2010.
Ngl.
Nial.
Nice.
Nickle.
Noop. 2009. Java-like language designed by Google to syntactically encourage good coding practices and discouraging bad habits. Compile to bytecode for the JVM.
Nu. 2007. Near Lisp and Ruby.
Nosica.
O

o:Xml.
Oberon. 1985-88. (Moon of Uranus). Reflective language. Derived from Modula-2.
Objective-C. 1982. C plus Smalltalk, used in GNUStep environment.
Objective Caml. 1996. ML-derived, functional and imperative language. Extends Caml.
Objective J. 2008. Sur-ensemble de JavaScript utilisant la librairie Ojective-C.
Objective Modula 2. 2006. Combination of Objective-C, Smalltalk and Modula 2.
Obliq.
OCaml. See Objective Caml above.
Occam. (Occam-Pi, occam-π)
Octave. For numerical computation.
Opal. (OPtimized Applicative Language). Functional language.
OPL. Open (or Organizer) Programming Language.
Ops5.
Orc. A language for distributed and concurrent programming, working through sites. May be used for Web scripting.
Oz.
P

Pascal. 1968-71. Name of a french mathematician.
PBasic.
Perl. 1987.
PHP. 1995. Personal Home Page Hypertext Processor. PHP 5 in 2004. PHP 6 in 2007.
Pico.
Pike.
Pilot.
Pizza.
PL 11.
PL/0.
PL/B.
PL/C. Subset of PL/1
PL/I. 1964. Programming Language One.
PL/M.
Plankalkül. 1946.
Pliant.
Pop-11.
Poplog.
Portran.
Pov-Ray.
Processing. C-like, for creating images and interactive animations.
Profan.
Prograph.
Prolog.
Proteus.
P-Tac. Parallel language.
Pure. 2011. Functional interpreted (through LLVM) language based on term rewriting.
Python. 1991. Scripting interpreted language.
Q

Q.
QuakeC. Version of C for the Quake game.
QML. Or QPL. Set of programming languages for quantum computers.
QML. Declarative language to design user interfaces, similar to JavaFX, for Qt.
R

R. 1998. Language and environment for statistical computation and graphics. Derived from the S language it is near Scheme.
R++. C++ with rules added.
Rascal. Version of Pascal for kids.
Ratfiv. Version of Ratfor for a computer.
Ratfor. 1975. Version of Fortran.
RC. Rc shell, Plan9 command language ported further to Unix.
Realbasic.
Rebol. 1997. Relative Expression Based Object Language. Dynamic language with numerous predefined types. Since version 3.0 is open source (in 2012).
Red. 2011. Similar to Rebol, but compiled and open source from the beginning.
Refal. 1968. REcursive Functions Algorithmic Language.
Revolution. Version of Hypertalk.
RPG. 1960+ Report Program Generator. Query tool extended in a programming language for IBM. Main versions are RPG II, RPG III, RPG/400, RPG IV.
RPL. Language for calculators similar to Forth.
Rexx. 1979. REstructured eXtended eXecutor. Designed for IBM OS scripting but ported on other platforms.
Rigal.
Rlab.
RSL. Robot Scripting Language.
Ruby. 1995 Follows a "principle of least surprise", each thing must be intuitive. Scripting, multi-paradigm, object oriented.
Rust. 2006. Concurrent language by Mozilla Labs inspired of C and improved for safety. Alternative to Go.
S

S. (S-plus) See Tinn-R. The R framework hold an implementation.
S2.
Sail. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language
SAM76. Implementation of Trac.
SAS. Fortran specialized in statistical reports.
Sather. Eiffel-like language.
Scala. 2004.
Scheme. 1975.
Scratch. 2007. Educational language developed by MIT consisting of blocks to be assembled. The same principle was used for the OpenBlocks Java library.
Scriptol. 2001 Object oriented and XML oriented. Interpreter and compilers.
Sed. Stream EDitor.
Seed7. 2005.
Self. 1993.
SETL. Has inspired ABC, predecessor of Python.
Short Code. 1949. Precursor of programming languages.
SimsScript. Fortran specialized in mathematical simulations.
Simmunity. Language for Internet based on APL
Simula. 1962.
SISAL. Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language
Slate.
Slip. Symmetric LIst Processor. Actually an extension to fortran and other programming languages.
Smalltalk.
Snobol. 1962. Snobol 3 (1965), 4 (1966).
SOAP. Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program, IBM 650 assembly language.
Spitbol. SPeedy ImplemenTation of snobOL. Actually a compiled version of Snobol.
Snowball.
SPARK.
SP/k. Subset of PL/1, used for teaching.
SPL.
Squeak.
SR. Synchronizing Resources
SSL.
Standard ML.
Subtext.
SuperCollider.
SuperX++. 2001. XML language.
SyncCharts.
Synergy/DE.
T

T. 1980+ A version of Lisp.
TACL. Tandem Advanced Command Language. Scripting language used by Hewlett-Packard.
Tacpol. Implementation of PL/I, was used by US army.
TADS. Text Adventure Development System. A language to make games.
TAL. Transaction Application Language, cross between C and Pascal used for Tandem computers.
Transcript. Voir Revolution.
Tcl. 1988. Tool Command Language. Tk is the graphical toolkit.
Telcomp. 1965. Derived from Joss, conversationnal language used on PDP computers until 1974. Influenced Mumps.
Tempo.
Tinn-r.
Titanium.
TI-Basic.Basic-like language for calculators.
Tom.
Tpu. Scripting programming language for VAX/VMS (not verified).
Trac. 1960+. Text Reckoning And Compiling.
TTCN-3. Testing and Test Control Notation. Formerly: "Tree and Tabular Combined Notation".
Turing. 1982. Pascal-like, derived from Euclid.
Tutor. 1965. CAI programming language.
TypeScript. 2012. Sperset to JavaScript by Microsoft, with types variables, classes and modules. Compiled to JavaScript. Open source under Apache license.
TXL. 1988. Derived from Turing above.
U

Ubercode. 2005. Cross between Eiffel and Basic.
Unicon. Unified Extended Dialect of Icon.
UnrealScript. Scripting games.
UrbiScript. Robot programming language.
UML. Unified Modeling Language. Visual programming language.
V

Verilog HDL. A hardware description language.
VHDL. VHSIC Hardware Description Language.
VDS. Visual DialogScript.
Virt. Pascal-like with Prolog features, for Artificial Intelligence problem solving. Interpreter.
Visual Basic. 1991.
Visual Basic .NET.
VBScript.Visual Basic Script Edition.
W

Water. XML-embedded programming language.
Whitespace. Actually a joke, an "esoteric" programming language, but with a real interpreter!
Winbatch. Scripting language for Windows.
Wiring. C-like language dedicated to electronics.
X

XOTcl. Object oriented version of TCL.
XPL. 1967. Derived from PL/I, for compiler writing.
XL. Implements concept programming.
Xtend. (2011). Created by the Eclipse Foundation to ease Java, makes improvements, such as removing  semicolons, a powerful switch as in Scriptol. Compiles to Java code.
Y

YAFL.
Yorick. Language for scientific calculations and simulations.
Z

Z notation. Visual specification of programs like UML.
ZPL.
ZOPL. (Not verified)
ZUG. (Not verified)
Markup languages and data formats

CFML. ColdFusion Markup Language.
EmotionML. An XML dialect for representing emotions, by the W3C..
HTML. HyperText Markup Language.
JSON Patch. This basic language is a standard proposed by IETF for operations on a JSON document.
PostScript. 1985.
Protocol Buffers. By Google, became open in 2008.
RDF. Resource Description Framework.
SGML. 1969.
SVG. Scalable Vector Graphic.
Tex.
XAML. eXtensible Application Markup Language.
XBL. eXtensible Bindings Language. For widget creating in Xml based languages.
Xforms. Web graphical interactive user interface.
XHTML. XML HTML.
XML. eXtensible Markup Language.
XUL. XML-based User interface Language.
Query or database oriented languages

Aubit-4GL. See Informix.
D4 or Dataphor. Based on Tutorial D.
Dataflex. 1980. Database programming language.
dBase. programming language.
Hypertalk. 1987. Card language for Apple.
Informix-4GL. 4GL means for fourth generation specialized language. Informix is specialized in databases and reports.
pl/SQL. SQL extension.
SQL. 1987. Structured Query Language.
Tutorial D.
Visual Foxpro. Derived from dBase.
xBaseScript. (xbScript) Clipper database scripting.